Commands

1. Ping
   1. Verifies IP-level connectivity to another TCP/IP computer by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo Request messages. The receipt of corresponding echo Reply messages are displayed, along with round-trip times. ping is the primary TCP/IP command used to troubleshoot connectivity, reachability, and name resolution.

      1. Parameters

         1. /t
            1. Specifies ping continue sending echo Request messages to the destination until interrupted. To interrupt and display statistics, press CTRL+ENTER. To interrupt and quit this command, press CTRL+C.
         2. /l (size)
            1. Specifies the length, in bytes, of the Data field in the echo Request messages. The default is 32. The maximum size is 65,527.
         3. /i (TTL)
            1. Specifies the value of the Time To Live (TTL) field in the IP header for echo Request messages sent. The default is the default TTL value for the host. The maximum TTL is 255.

1. The command: C:\User>ping 192.168.1.1

Pinging 192.168.11.1 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64

Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64

Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=64

Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1:

    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

2. Ipconfig
   1. Displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and refreshes Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS) settings. Used without parameters, ipconfig displays Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and IPv6 addresses, subnet mask, and default gateway for all adapters.
      1. Parameters
         1. /all 
            1. Displays the full TCP/IP configuration for all adapters. Adapters can represent physical interfaces, such as installed network adapters, or logical interfaces, such as dial-up connections.

1. The command: C:\User>ipconfig

Windows IP Configuration

Ethernet adapter Ethernet:

   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :

Ethernet adapter Ethernet 2:

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :

   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.172

   Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0

   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1

Ethernet adapter vEthernet (Default Switch):

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :

   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::5043:2ac7:c8b:c448%31

   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 172.17.192.1

   Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.240.0

3. Arp
   1. Displays and modifies entries in the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache. The ARP cache contains one or more tables that are used to store IP addresses and their resolved Ethernet or Token Ring physical addresses. There is a separate table for each Ethernet or Token Ring network adapter installed on your computer. Used without parameters, arp displays help information.
      1. Parameters
         1. /a
            1. Displays current arp cache tables for all interfaces. The /n parameter is case-sensitive. To display the arp cache entry for a specific IP address, use arp /a with the inetaddr parameter, where inetaddr is an IP address. If inetaddr is not specified, the first applicable interface is used. To display the arp cache table for a specific interface, use the /n ifaceaddr parameter in conjunction with the /a parameter where inetaddr is the IP address assigned to the interface.

1. The command:

4. Pathping
   1. Provides information about network latency and network loss at intermediate hops between a source and destination. Pathping sends multiple Echo Request messages to each router between a source and destination over a period of time and then computes results based on the packets returned from each router.

1. Parameters

1. /i
   1. Specifies the source address.

2. /<targetname>
   1. specifies the destination, which is identified either by IP address or host name.

5. Tracert
   1. The tracert command is used to visually see a network packet being sent and received and the number of hops required for that packet to get to its destination.

1. The command: C:\>tracert Google.com

C:Tracing route to google.com [172.18.48.20]

over a maximum of 30 hops:

  1    <1 ms     1 ms    <1 ms  192.168.1.1

  2    <1 ms    <1 ms    <1 ms  172.18.248.33

  3     5 ms     5 ms     5 ms  45.43.241.109